Understand Your Electrical Needs

• Total Load: Calculate the total wattage of all appliances, lights, and devices you expect to use.
• Circuits: Decide how many separate circuits you need. Common examples:
  • Lighting circuits (LEDs, bulbs)
  • Power outlets (general use)
  • High-power appliances (AC, water heater, oven)
• Voltage & Phases: Most homes use single-phase 220–240V AC, sometimes 110–120V for small appliances.

Main Components

• Main Panel (Distribution Board): Where power enters the home from the utility. It contains:
  • Main circuit breaker
  • Individual breakers/fuses for each circuit
• Wiring Types:
  • Copper or aluminum wires
  • Sizes depend on current: e.g., 14 AWG for lighting, 12 AWG for general outlets, 10 AWG or bigger for high-power appliances
• Outlets & Switches: Standard sockets (for 220–240V or 110–120V) and switches for lights

Circuit Planning

• Lighting Circuits: Usually 1–2 circuits per floor
• Outlet Circuits: 1 circuit for every 8–10 outlets
• Dedicated Circuits: For kitchen appliances, washing machine, AC, heater
• Safety Devices:
  • RCCB / GFCI: Protects against electric shocks
  • MCB: Protects against overload and short circuits

 Wiring Layout

• Draw a schematic:
  1. Mark main panel location
  2. Draw lines to each room for lights, switches, outlets
  3. Label wire sizes and circuit breakers
• Plan
  

  loops for lights (so one switch can control multiple lights)